God and Abraham are involved in this covenant, in which Abraham stood as the representative head of the whole Jewish nation, not for all humanity.
God made four unconditional covenants with Israel, the Abrahamic Covenant being the first of the four.
An unconditional covenant can be defined as a sovereign act of God whereby God unconditionally obligates Himself to bring to pass definite promises, blessings, and conditions for the covenanted people. It is a unilateral covenant. This type of covenant is characterized by the formula “I will,” which declares God’s determination to do exactly as He promised. The blessings are secured by the grace of God.
They are literal covenants, and their contents must be interpreted literally as well. These covenants God made with Israel are eternal and are not limited by time. Because these covenants are unconditional and totally dependent upon God for fulfillment, they can be expected to have an ultimate fulfillment. These covenants were made with a specific people: Israel. This is brought by Paul in Romans 9:4, which states that the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises belong to the Israelites. This verse clearly states that these covenants were made with the covenanted people and are Israel’s possession.
The Abrahamic Covenant promised a seed, The Davidic Covenant; a land, The Land Covenant; and blessings, The New Covenant, among its many provisions. The seed was to develop into a nation, and so it did at the foot of Mount Sinai. Today, Israel is a scattered nation, but still a nation. Just as Israel remained distinct in Egypt, the Jewish people have remained distinct throughout the church age. No other nation that lost its national homeland and was dispersed for centuries has survived as a distinct entity.The fact that Jews have continued to survive as a people in spite of so many attempts to destroy them shows that this covenant has continued to operate.
As for the land, there has been no real independent government in the land since A.D. 70. Within the confines of the church age, the land has been overrun many times and ruled by many people, but always ruled from somewhere else. The first time an independent government was set up in the land since A.D. 70 was in 1948 with the State of Israel. Hence, the history of the land also shows that the Abrahamic Covenant continues to be fulfilled with the people of Israel.
As for the blessings, history shows that those who blessed the Jews were blessed, just as those who cursed them were cursed. Furthermore, the spiritual blessings of these covenants have now been extended to the Gentiles through the New Covenant.
Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Ariel's, What the Bible Teaches About Israel: Past, Present, and Future (San Antonio, TX: Ariel Ministries, 2019) pp. 50-51, 114-115
